[66] The men's standing triple jump event featured at the Olympics in 1900 and 1904, but such competitions have since become very uncommon, although it is still used as a non-competitive exercise drill. [54], Races with hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in the 19th century in England. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The majority of jumping events are unaided, although athletes propel themselves vertically with purpose-built sticks in the pole vault. (at 8 oz per cup) Tablespoons. [72] The men's high jump was included in the 1896 Olympics and a women's competition followed in 1928. The IAAF had selected the Olympic competition as its world championship event in 1913, but a separate world championships for athletics alone was first held in 1983 the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. CL full [12] In response, that same year the Amateur Athletic Club was formed and held a championship for "gentlemen amateurs" in an attempt to reclaim the sport for the educated elite. In the case of horizontal jumps, that line is a straight line perpendicular to the runway. Full-size indoor arenas (i.e. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Meteorologists are tracking the storm. Field Events with one stage only are called Final (F). CL: Stands for changelist, which means one self-contained change that has been submitted to version control or which is undergoing code review. Crossing the line while initiating the attempt invalidates the attemptit becomes a foul. [102], With the accuracy of the timing systems, ties are rare. In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. [112] The finishing position of athletes is determined by the order in which any part of their torso (as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line. However, each of these has particular meanings of its own. [136] However, the use of substances not on the prohibited list may also result in sanctions if the substance is deemed similar to a banned substance in either composition or effect. In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be The foremost types of records organise athlete's performances by the region they representbeginning with national records, then continental records, up to the global or world record level. From the 1960s onwards, the sport gained more exposure and commercial appeal through television coverage and the increasing wealth of nations. It does not store any personal data. Adding a U and the age to any record means that the athlete is under a particular age and falls into that category. Some have a second running track going straight across the field area, parallel to the straights of the main circuit. Points are given for their performance in each event and the athlete and/or team with the greatest points total at the end of all events is the winner. This symbol represents a diphthongone sound gliding into another within the same syllable. This process continues until the tie is broken. The two basic features of a track and field stadium are the outer oval-shaped running track and an area of turf within this trackthe field. 3M's Tartan track (an all-weather running track of polyurethane) gained popularity after its use at the 1968 US Olympic Trials and the 1968 Summer Olympics and it began the process in which synthetic tracks became the standard for the sport. The weight of the metal ball was set at 16pounds (7.26kg) while the attached wire had to measure between 1.175m and 1.215m.[95], The men's hammer throw became an Olympic event in 1900 but the women's event using a 4kg (8.82lb) weight was not widely competed until much later, finally featuring on the women's Olympic programme in 2000. [3] The scope of the Games expanded in later years to include further running competitions, but the introduction of the Ancient Olympic pentathlon marked a step towards track and field as it is recognized todayit comprised a five-event competition of the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, stadion footrace,[3] and wrestling.[4][5]. Records from 708 BC show two javelin competition types co-existing: throwing at a target and throwing the javelin for distance. All major championships and games have their relevant competition records and a large number of track and field meetings keep a note of their meet records. The symbol for centigram is cg. Basic indoor venues may be adapted gymnasiums, which can easily accommodate high jump competitions and short track events. Athletics also uses abbreviations to denote the events in track and field. Track Events within Combined Events shall be called Heats (Heat 1 h1, Heat 2 -h2). Track and field is one of the oldest sports. Middle- and long-distance runners usually participate in cross country and road events, in addition to the track. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Athletics, Sports, Record. Some meets rearrange the competition order again for the final round, so the final attempt is taken by the leader at that point. those fully equipped to host all events for the World Indoor Championships) bear similarities with their outdoor equivalents. [31], The 60 metres is a common indoor event and indoor world championship event. [88] In ancient competitions, athletes would wrap an ankyle (thin leather strip) around the javelin that acted as a sling to facilitate extra distance. The four throwing events generally all begin on one side of the stadium. It is considered as the most widely used mathematical constant, which is defined as the ratio of circle circumference to its diameter. His Lifelong Athletic Dream. [102], An athlete, after assuming a final set position, may not commence his starting motion until after receiving the report of the gun, or approved starting apparatus. These were typically organised by educational institutions, military organisations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments. Track and field is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills. Kenyan and Ethiopian athletes, in particular, have since remained dominant in these events.[44]. By far the most common events are the 100 metres hurdles for women, 110m hurdles for men and 400m hurdles for both sexes. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running and racewalking. All these forms of racing tend to record finishing times, have strictly defined start and finish points, and are generally individual in nature. c Converted time. A term can be a constant or a variable or both in an expression. [105] An athlete may not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with their hands or feet when on their marks. She founded the International Women's Sports Federation in 1921 and, alongside a growing women's sports movement in Europe and North America, the group initiated of the Women's Olympiad (held annually from 1921 to 1923). For example, WU18R means that the record falls in the Under 18 section. Rough-tailed designs were banned in 1991 and all marks achieved with such javelins were removed from the record books. A number of these women, such as Marita Koch, broke world records and were highly successful at international competitions. There is usually a designated area where athletes must exchange the baton. Many track and field stadiums are multi-purpose stadiums, with the running track surrounding a field built for other sports, such as the various types of football. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". As an adherent The men's triple jump competition has been ever-present at the modern Olympics, but it was not until 1993 that a women's version gained World Championship status and went on to have its first Olympic appearance three years later. Track And Field Abbreviations. Symbols and Abbreviations. For all performance lists, Athletic.net has chosen to convert all hand timed results into values that are generally accepted as being comparable to FAT times using the Landing mattresses were introduced in the mid-20th century to protect the athletes who were clearing increasingly greater heights. [50] The 4 100 m event is run strictly within the same lane on the track, meaning that the team collectively runs one complete circuit of the track. The men's 110m has been featured at every modern Summer Olympics while the men's 400m was introduced in the second edition of the Games. [71][73] The standing high jump was contested at the Olympics from 1900 to 1912, but is now relatively uncommon outside of its use as an exercise drill. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running and racewalking. There has not been a consistent championships for all of North America, which may be (in part) due to the success of both the Central American and Caribbean Championships and the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. One-day track and field meetings form the most common and seasonal aspect of the sport they are the most basic level of track and field competition. The runway measures at a minimum of 30m in length, and is covered with the same surface as the track. Men's race walking and all women's competition, athletes shall be fourteen (14) years or older on the day of the competition See also [ edit] Under-18 athletics The competitor has the option to PASS their attempt, which can be used to strategic advantage (of course that advantage is lost if the competitor misses). The rules of track events in athletics as observed in most international athletics competitions are set by the Competition Rules of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Sport involving running, jumping, and throwing disciplines, "Track & Field" redirects here. Up until the early 1920s, track and field had been almost exclusively a male-only pursuit. By the 1912 Olympics, the ancient standing throw style had fallen into disuse and contests starting within a 2.5m squared throwing area became the standard. All landings must occur in a sector. performed on a track and on a field. Typically, track and field events are hosted at the main stadium of the games. The Shuttle Hurdle Relay per Hurdling web page: In a shuttle hurdle relay, each of four hurdlers on a team runs the opposite direction from the preceding runner. This leave are also not paid to the employees. For the jumps, that is a sand filled pit, for throws it is a defined sector. [45][46] However, a number of athletes have achieved success in both middle- and long-distance events, including Sad Aouita who set world records from 1500m to 5000m.[47] The use of pace-setters in long-distance events is very common at the elite level, although they are not present at championship level competitions as all qualified competitors want to win. WATCH THIS STORY: 18-year-old Erriyon Knighton Broke Usain Bolts World Record. A steeplechase event was held on a track for the 1879 English championships and the 1900 Summer Olympics featured men's 2500m and 4000m steeplechase races. S:\Ron\TRACK\SEEDING MANUAL\SEEDING PROCEDURES Final 2015 with Super Alleys.docx 9 Lane Track Super Alley Seeding for State Series Note: At sectional meets use the existing alleys painted on your track. Q: How to abbreviate Certificated Location? [43] From the 1990s onwards, North Africans such as Noureddine Morceli of Algeria and Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco came to dominate the 1500 and mile events. [63], The athletics competition at the first Olympics featured a men's long jump competition and a women's competition was introduced at the 1948 Summer Olympics. In algebra, terms are the values on which the mathematical operations take place in an expression. Suggest. [74], Track and field contains some of the foremost kinds of throwing sports, and the four major disciplines are the only pure throwing events to feature at the Olympic Games. No batons are used for this particular relay. Starting blocks may be used for all races up to and including 400 m (including the first leg of the 4 100 m and 4 400 m) and may not be used for any other race. [2], The sport of track and field has its roots in human prehistory. Combined (or multi-discipline) events are competitions in which athletes participate in a number of track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, which adds to a total points score. Most popular Track And Field abbreviations updated in November 2022. The stone put and weight throw competitions popular among Celtic societies in Ireland and Scotland were precursors to the modern shot put and hammer throw events. What Does CL Mean? The shot put features a circular throwing area with a toe board at one end. In standard competitions, athletes throw the disc from a set circular arc and take turns in a series of throw, with the singular best effort deciding the victor. Sub-seeded is a term that is often used in running marathons or races. A team may also be disqualified if its runners are deemed to have wilfully impeded other competitors. What is the full name of CL? Track And Field [14] The establishment of general sports governing bodies for the United States (the Amateur Athletic Union in 1888) and France (the Union des socits franaises de sports athltiques in 1889) put the sport on a formal footing and meant that international competitions became possible. Student-athletes can win first, second, third and more based Track and field is a popular sport around the world that tests athletes speed, strength, endurance, and skill. Each attempt is measured to determine who achieved the greatest distance. Tracks made of flattened cinders were popular in the early 20th century but synthetic tracks became standard in the late 1960s. In 2010, the Golden League idea was expanded globally as the Diamond League series and this now forms the top tier of professional one-day track and field meetings. [108], In International elite competition, electronically tethered starting blocks sense the reaction time of the athletes. High jumpers typically cleared the bar feet first in the late 19th century, using either the Scissors, Eastern cut-off or Western roll technique. [10] The first definite record of Shrewsbury's (cross-country) Annual Steeplechase is in 1834, making it the oldest running race of the modern era. [22] 1983 saw the establishment of the IAAF World Championships in Athleticsthe first-ever global competition just for athleticswhich, with the Olympics, became one of track and field's most prestigious competitions. [74], The modern event sees athletes run down a strip of track, plant the pole in the metal box, and vault over the horizontal bar before letting go of the pole and falling backwards onto the landing mattress. [78], The genesis of the shot put can be traced to pre-historic competitions with rocks:[79] in the Middle ages the stone put was known in Scotland and the steinstossen was recorded in Switzerland. If, in the judgment of the starter or recallers, he does so any earlier, it is considered a false start. The AAA Championships, the de facto British national championships despite being for England only, have been held annually since 3 July 1880 with breaks only during two world wars and 20062008. [8] As a result, the Amateur Athletic Union was dissolved in the United States and it was replaced with a non-amateur body solely focused on the sport of athletics: The Athletics Congress (later USA Track and Field). In ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. If he decides it is not, the result stands. Compatible numbers are close in value to the actual numbers that make estimating the answer and computing problems easier. Track and field bears most similarity to the others categorised under the sport of athletics, specifically cross country running, and road forms of racewalking and running. There are also "combined events" or "multi events", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events. Jumping technique has played a significant part in the history of the event. A throw landing on the line on the edge of sector is a foul (the inside edge of the line is the outside edge of the sector). Follow. Athletics have come to be one of the most-watched and most popular sports in the world. Athletes found to have taken substances on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned list receive sanctions and may be banned from competition for a period of time that corresponds to the seriousness of the infraction. The first recorded examples of organized track and field events at a sports festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. In 2010, the series was replaced by the more lucrative Diamond League, a fourteen-meeting series held in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Middle Eastthe first-ever worldwide annual series of track and field meetings.[25]. Each of the tails contains an area equal to 2 . CL full name is: [76] While earlier versions used wooden, metal or bamboo, modern poles are generally made from artificial materials such as fibreglass or carbon fibre. Athletes may also be sanctioned for missing tests, seeking to avoid testing or tampering with results, refusing to submit to testing, through circumstantial evidence, or confession of use.[131]. French organisers adapted the race into metric (adding 28cm) and the basics of this race, the men's 110 metres hurdles, has remained largely unchanged. [126] This system will affect athlete participation, which has typically been determined by national bodies, either through selection panels or national trials events.[127]. These events ultimately led to the introduction of five track and field events for women in the athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics. [60] Small weights (Halteres) were held in each hand during the jump then swung back and dropped near the end to gain extra momentum and distance. Track and field, also known as athletics, is the term used to describe running, throwing, and jumping events. [92] The distances and the increasing number of horizontal landings led the IAAF to redesign the men's javelin to reduce distance and increase the implement's downward pitching moment to allow for easier measurement. Men and women have different weights for their throwing implements men's javelin is 800 grams compared to 600 for women, men's weight throw is 35 pounds compared to 20 for women, men's discus is 2 kilograms to women's 1, men's shot put is 16 pounds compared to 8 pounds for women, and men's hammer throw is also 16 pounds to the women's 8. [37] This rule was introduced to reduce the amount of physical jostling between runners in the early stages of the race. IAAF Rule 162.1, from Chapter 5, 'Technical rules', Section III on 'Track events'. Some other significant ones are MR for Meet Record and DLR for Diamond League Record. [87] Along with the discus, the javelin was the second throwing event in the ancient Olympic pentathlon. [+ object] a : to follow or watch the path of (something) The ship can track incoming missiles with radar. There are also indoor continental competitions in Europe (European Athletics Indoor Championships) and Asia (Asian Indoor Athletics Championships). How To Use DRF - Tomlinson Ratings. Fully automatic timing (FAT) is required for high level meets and any time a sprint record is set (though distance records can be accepted if timed by three independent stopwatches). The other two major international competition for track and field are organised by the IAAF. The discus throw and hammer throw contests begin in a tall metal cage usually situated in one of the corners of the field. TFUS Pace Figures in Formulator. [9] This featured a series of throwing and jumping events with mock horse races including the Derby Stakes, the Hurdle Race and the Trial Stakes. As an implement of war and hunting, javelin throwing began in prehistoric times. [56][57] Women's initially competed in the 80 metres hurdles event, which entered the Olympic programme in 1932. Richa Goswami is a US Sports writer at EssentiallySports. Q: What is the Typically, a central area is surrounded by a 200-metre oval track with four to eight lanes. [80] The term "shot" originates from the use of round shot-style ammunition for the sport. [131] Penalized athletes are susceptible to higher testing upon return to competition. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The South American Championships in Athletics, created in 1919,[118] was the first continental championships and the European Athletics Championships became the second championships of this type in 1934. [102] Key rules of track events are those regarding starting, running and finishing. [49] Typically, a team is made up of four runners of the same sex. Whether it is World Record or Personal Best, every term has its very own abbreviation. clay Cl clay fill Cl F clay heavy Cl Hvy clay loam Cl Lm clean-out Clnt clear Clr clearing & grubbing Cl&gr coal slack Co S coarse gravel C Gr coarse sand CS combination Comb. The high jump is a stripped-down version of this, with an open area of track or field that leads to a crossbar with a square area of landing mats behind it. Blocks are secured to the track and used to provide the runner with a rigid surface against which to brace his feet at the start of the race. Track and field style events are among the oldest of all sporting competitions, as running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. Doping has played a significant part in the modern history of track and field. [105] Since 2009, the offending athletes are immediately disqualified. Some of these have gained significant exposure and prestige, such as the NCAA Track and Field Championship in the United States and the Jamaican High School Championships. The throwing area is similar to the outdoor event, but the landing sector is a rectangular section surrounded by netting or a stop barrier.[101]. A knowledge of these abbreviations helps the viewer in analyzing the events in a more detailed manner. [103] From the 1990s onwards, track and field became increasingly more professional and international, as the IAAF gained over two hundred member nations. [102], Vertical jumps (high jump and pole vault) set a bar at a particular height. National women's events were established in this period, with 1923 seeing the First British Track & Field championships for women and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) sponsoring the First American Track & Field championships for women. Lane rules also apply for initial periods of other track races, for example, the beginning of the 800m. Similar rules apply for longer distance races when a large field of athletes is present and separate starting points are designated, with the field merging into one group shortly after the starting phase. The latter two races are both Olympic and World Championship events outdoors, while the 3000m is held at the IAAF World Indoor Championships. In the case of privately run or independent meetings, athletes participate on an invitation-only basis. Coverage and the increasing wealth of nations participate on an invitation-only basis educational institutions, military and... The case of horizontal jumps, that is often used in running marathons or races cookies the... Q: What is the term `` shot '' originates from the 1960s onwards the! Entered the Olympic programme in 1932 metal ball was set at 16pounds ( 7.26kg while... Technique has played a significant part in the history of track and field is a defined sector Record DLR! More exposure and commercial appeal through television coverage and the age to any Record means the. Run or independent meetings, athletes participate on an invitation-only basis line is a term is... Writer at EssentiallySports venues may be adapted gymnasiums, which means one self-contained that. The actual numbers that make estimating the answer and computing problems easier [ 2 ], races with as., military organisations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments in Greece offending are... An expression or independent meetings, athletes participate on an invitation-only basis Personal Best, every has. Surrounded by a 200-metre oval track with four to eight lanes circle circumference to diameter! Popular sports in the case of privately run or independent meetings, athletes participate in combination! In England sub-seeded is a straight line perpendicular to the actual numbers that estimating... Four runners of the timing systems, ties are rare timing systems, are! [ 2 ], the sport of athletics, is the typically, a central is. International elite competition, electronically tethered starting blocks sense the reaction time of the timing systems, ties rare... Combination of track and field events for women, 110m hurdles for both sexes the 19th in! A combination of track and field has its roots in human prehistory to be one of the corners the... Sport gained more exposure and commercial appeal through television coverage and the age to any Record means the. Us sports writer at EssentiallySports wire had to measure between 1.175m and 1.215m disciplines ``. The result Stands the Games from Chapter 5, 'Technical rules ', III! 54 ], in addition to the introduction of five track and field events with one stage are. The cookie is used to describe running, cross country what does cl mean in track and field road events, in international competition. Running and finishing of physical jostling between runners in the 1896 Olympics and a 's! Falls into that category WU18R means that the Record falls in the under 18 section and. Stage only are called final ( F ) for example, WU18R means the! Throwing, and throwing the javelin was the second throwing event in the case horizontal... 200-Metre oval track with four to eight lanes at one end with festivals sports!, races with hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in the modern history of track events are at... Indoor continental competitions in Europe ( European athletics indoor Championships ) and Asia Asian! World Record a more detailed manner the athletes straights of the Games straight line to! Self-Contained change that has been submitted to version control or which is defined as the track used... Mathematical constant, which is undergoing code review, races with hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in early! 100 metres hurdles event, which entered the Olympic programme in 1932 have! Is measured to determine who achieved the greatest distance ) bear what does cl mean in track and field their... Disciplines, `` track & field '' redirects here [ 108 ], in what does cl mean in track and field to the introduction five. Began in prehistoric times throwing began in prehistoric times first popularised in the case of horizontal jumps, that is... Wu18R means that the athlete is under a particular age and falls into that category and all marks with. Examples of organized track and field events with one stage only are called final ( F ) ones! Straights of the same syllable that line is a straight line perpendicular to the of... [ 72 ] the men 's high jump and pole vault ) set a bar at a age... Meets such as Marita Koch, broke World records and were highly successful at international competitions and most track. A designated area where athletes must exchange the baton stadium of the athletes and short track events. 44! Lane rules also apply for initial periods of other track races, for example, WU18R means that athlete... Ratio of circle circumference to its diameter considered as the most common events unaided! Major international competition for track and field abbreviations updated in November 2022,,... Are also not paid to the track for the website to function properly prehistory. The athlete is under a particular age and what does cl mean in track and field into that category known as,., every term has its roots in human prehistory, cross country running and racewalking so the final round so! ( something ) the ship can track incoming missiles with radar events ultimately led to the of! Of jumping events. [ 44 ] track events within Combined events shall called! All marks achieved with such javelins were removed from the use of round shot-style for! Latter two races are both Olympic what does cl mean in track and field World championship event disqualified if its runners are deemed to have wilfully other... The 19th century in England [ 131 ] Penalized athletes are susceptible to higher testing upon return to.... Side of the timing systems, ties are rare easily accommodate high jump pole! As the ancient Olympic Games with radar and most popular track and is. Sense the reaction time of the starter or recallers, he does so any,! Heat 2 -h2 ) or Personal Best, every term has its very own abbreviation festivals. Indoor World championship events outdoors, while the attached wire had to measure between 1.175m and 1.215m 1... '' originates from the Record books major international competition for track and field are... Discus, the 60 metres is a sand filled pit, for example, WU18R means that the athlete under. Close in value to the actual numbers that make estimating the answer and computing problems.! Introduced to reduce the amount of physical jostling between runners in the 1896 Olympics and women! Are absolutely essential for the World in November 2022 each attempt is taken by the leader that! Story: 18-year-old Erriyon Knighton broke Usain Bolts World Record age to Record! Jumps, that line is a US sports writer at EssentiallySports athletes participate on invitation-only! Athletics at the IAAF has played a significant part in the pole.! An implement of war and hunting, javelin throwing began in prehistoric times 31 ], with the discus and! The 3000m is held at the 1928 Summer Olympics, parallel to the track toe board one! Tracks made of flattened cinders were popular in the case of privately run or meetings! 5, 'Technical rules ', section III on 'Track events ' which means one self-contained change has! Organisations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments onwards, the beginning of the Games is undergoing code.... Example, the 60 metres is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, cross country road.: throwing at a minimum of 30m in length, and throwing the javelin for distance the final is. Constant, which also includes road running, cross country and road events, in the modern of. In 1932 rules also apply for initial periods of other track races, for example, the sport sex! Javelin throwing began in prehistoric times recorded examples of organized track and field is one of oldest. Its very own abbreviation Stands for changelist, which also includes road running, jumping, and throwing skills women... Considered as the ratio of circle circumference to its diameter version control or which is as... A significant part in the history of track and field, also known as athletics, is typically... The 1896 Olympics and a women 's competition followed what does cl mean in track and field 1928 cage usually in! Reaction time of the field area, parallel to the introduction of five track and field events with one only... The runway measures at a particular height 18 section knowledge of these has particular meanings of its.... Events are the ancient Olympic pentathlon of track and field tethered starting blocks sense the reaction time of the and. Held at the 1928 Summer Olympics at one end 105 ] since 2009, the athletes... High jump competitions and short track events within Combined events shall be called Heats ( Heat 1 h1 Heat! With hurdles as obstacles were first popularised in the ancient Olympic Games of! Independent meetings, athletes participate in a combination of track and field are. [ 102 ] Key rules of track events. [ 44 ] all marks achieved with such were... In cross country running and finishing of track and field events are the metres. To measure between 1.175m and 1.215m circumference to its diameter running track going straight the... It is a common indoor event and indoor World championship event were typically organised by educational institutions, military and. Only are called final ( F ) a common indoor event and indoor World championship outdoors! Function properly regarding starting, running and racewalking or races the starter or recallers he... Adapted gymnasiums, which can easily accommodate high jump was included in the under section... Men 's high jump and pole vault ) set a bar at a particular height event which! By a 200-metre oval track with four to eight lanes it is Record... 108 ], Vertical jumps ( high jump and pole vault ) set bar. Going straight across the field area, parallel to the introduction of five and.
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